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Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
BCG immunotherapy--from pathophysiology to clinical practice
Moshe Tishler1, Yehuda Shoenfeld
1Department of Medicine B, Assaf Harofe Medical Center, P.O. Beer Yaacov, Zerifin, 70300, Israel.
Abstract:
Treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine is mainly in use for superficial bladder cancer, for which it is given intravesically. Overall, this therapy is safe with only minor side effects. Arthritis secondary to such therapy has been rarely reported and usually responds well to NSAID treatment. The mechanisms leading to such a complication, as well as the clinical data, are discussed.
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