Brian R Matlaga1, Samuel C Kim, Stephanie L Watkins
1Methodist Hospital Institute for Kidney Stone Disease, Indiana University School of Medicine, Kidney Stone Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Laparoscopic-assisted tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is optimal for complex ectopic kidney stones. This technique offers a high stone-free rate and potentially shorter hospital stays for urolithiasis treatment.
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