Subtenons infection by Dirofilaria repens

Area of Science:

• Parasitology
• Ophthalmology
• Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

• Dirofilaria repens is a nematode parasite of carnivores, causing zoonotic filariasis primarily in Mediterranean regions.
• Ocular dirofilariasis, often occurring in animal handlers, results from vector-transmitted infections.
• Human filariasis cases are increasingly reported globally, necessitating awareness and diagnostic capabilities.

Observation:

• A 63-year-old woman in Coimbatore, South India, presented with a Dirofilaria repens infection.
• The infection affected the subtenon's region of the eye, a rare but significant ocular manifestation.
• Clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges of ocular dirofilariasis were observed in this case.

Findings:

• The case confirmed human Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in South India.
• The subtenon's location highlights the potential for deep orbital involvement in ocular filariasis.
• Successful management strategies for ocular dirofilariasis were reviewed based on this case.

Implications:

• This report expands the known geographical distribution of Dirofilaria repens infections in humans.
• It underscores the importance of considering zoonotic filariasis in the differential diagnosis of orbital and ocular conditions.
• Enhanced surveillance and diagnostic protocols are crucial for managing ocular dirofilariasis in endemic and non-endemic areas.