Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026
07:48
Tracking Drug-induced Changes in Receptor Post-internalization Trafficking by Colocalizational Analysis
Published on: July 3, 2015
Adverse drug reactions observed during DOTS
V K Dhingra1, S Rajpal, Nishi Aggarwal
1New Delhi Tuberculosis Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, New Delhi-110 002.
The Journal of Communicable Diseases
|March 2, 2006
Summary
Adverse drug reactions occurred in 8.37% of patients on Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) for tuberculosis. Gastrointestinal issues like nausea and vomiting were most common, with most reactions appearing early in treatment.
Area of Science:
- * Pharmacovigilance
- * Public Health
- * Infectious Diseases
Background:
- * Tuberculosis remains a significant global health challenge.
- * Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course (DOTS) is a key strategy for tuberculosis control under the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP).
- * Understanding adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is crucial for patient adherence and treatment success.
Purpose of the Study:
- * To determine the incidence and profile of adverse drug reactions in patients treated with DOTS.
- * To identify common ADRs and their timing during treatment.
- * To assess the impact of ADRs on treatment interruption.
Main Methods:
- * Retrospective study of 1195 patients treated between January 2002 and June 2003.
- * Detailed investigation of patients with ADRs using personal interviews and semi-structured questionnaires.
- * Analysis of ADR types, frequency, timing, and effect on treatment.
Main Results:
- * 8.37% of patients experienced adverse drug reactions.
- * Gastrointestinal reactions (53%), including nausea and vomiting, were most frequent.
- * Other common ADRs included general aches/pains (35%), giddiness (27%), skin rash/itching (17%), and arthralgia (11%). Hepatotoxicity was rare (1%).
- * Most ADRs (67%) occurred within the first four weeks of treatment.
- * Treatment interruption due to ADRs was minimal (0.25%).
Conclusions:
- * Adverse drug reactions are relatively uncommon in patients undergoing DOTS therapy for tuberculosis.
- * Gastrointestinal disturbances are the predominant ADRs, typically manifesting early in the treatment course.
- * DOTS therapy is generally well-tolerated, with minimal impact on treatment continuity.
Related Concept Videos
01:00Drug Toxicity: Overview
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
01:19Pharmacovigilance
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
01:16Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
01:24Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
01:25Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
01:24Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...