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How does canal taper affect root stresses?

B D Rundquist1, A Versluis

  • 1Restorative Sciences-Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.

International Endodontic Journal
|March 2, 2006
PubMed
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Root canal filling taper significantly impacts root stresses. Smaller tapers increase stress during filling, potentially causing apical fractures, while larger tapers may increase stress during chewing, leading to cervical fractures.

Area of Science:

  • Endodontics
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Mechanics

Background:

  • Vertical root fractures are a significant cause of tooth loss.
  • The mechanical properties of root canal filling materials and instrumentation techniques influence root stresses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how varying taper sizes affect root stresses during simulated root canal filling and occlusal loading.
  • To correlate stress patterns with potential sites of vertical root fracture.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element analysis was used to model root stresses in a premolar with three different gutta-percha tapers (0.04, 0.06, 0.12 mm/mm).
  • Simulated warm vertical compaction and subsequent occlusal loading were applied, with stress distribution analyzed at various stages.

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Main Results:

  • Highest stresses during filling occurred at the canal surface with the smallest taper, particularly in the apical third during the initial increment.
  • Occlusal loading generated maximum stresses on the external root surface, with tensile stress concentration at the cervical lingual surface.
  • Increased taper size minimally increased root stress during masticatory simulation.

Conclusions:

  • Root stresses during filling decrease with increasing taper, suggesting smaller tapers may initiate apical fractures.
  • Cervical fractures are more likely linked to occlusal loads, with stress patterns shifting from internal to external root surfaces post-filling.