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Assessing household solid fuel use: multiple implications for the Millennium Development Goals.

Eva Rehfuess1, Sumi Mehta, Annette Prüss-Ustün

  • 1Department of Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. rehfuesse@who.int

Environmental Health Perspectives
|March 2, 2006
PubMed
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Globally, 52% of people rely on solid fuels, impacting health and development goals. Addressing household energy use is crucial for achieving Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) related to child and maternal health.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health
  • Global Development

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) monitors the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) indicator on solid fuel use.
  • Solid fuel reliance is a significant global health and development issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a comprehensive assessment of global solid fuel use in 2005.
  • To discuss the implications of solid fuel use for achieving the MDGs.

Main Methods:

  • Data compiled from national censuses and household surveys for 93 countries.
  • Solid fuel use was modeled for 36 countries lacking data.
  • Assumed <5% solid fuel use for 52 upper-middle or high-income countries.

Main Results:

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  • 52% of the global population used solid fuels in 2005.
  • Regional variations were significant, with Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia showing high usage (77% and 74%).
  • Industrialized nations reported <5% solid fuel use.

Conclusions:

  • Solid fuel use has profound implications for MDGs 4 (child mortality) and 5 (maternal health).
  • Household energy practices are fundamental to improving health and fostering development.
  • Development agendas must prioritize household energy solutions.