Cutaneous perforators of the forearm: anatomic study for clinical application

Area of Science:

• Anatomy
• Surgical Anatomy

Background:

• Accurate anatomical knowledge of cutaneous perforators is crucial for successful free fasciocutaneous flap design.
• The forearm is a common donor site for flaps, necessitating detailed understanding of its vascular supply.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate and map the distribution of constant cutaneous perforators in the forearm.
• To provide anatomical data that can enhance the safety and efficacy of free skin cutaneous flap procedures.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 25 Korean cadaveric forearms.
• Injection of specimens with latex or radiopaque material for vascular visualization.
• Dissection, radiography, and surgical elevation of fasciocutaneous flaps to identify perforator origins.

Main Results:

• Identified two constant perforators on the flexor forearm surface and three on the extensor surface.
• Defined specific diameter ranges for the emerging points of these constant perforators.
• Demonstrated consistent locations for key forearm cutaneous perforators.

Conclusions:

• Knowledge of constant forearm perforator locations is essential for safe free skin cutaneous flap design.
• This anatomical mapping contributes to improved surgical planning and outcomes in reconstructive surgery.