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Reproducible epidemiologic research.

Roger D Peng1, Francesca Dominici, Scott L Zeger

  • 1Biostatistics Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street E3535, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. rpeng@jhsph.edu

American Journal of Epidemiology
|March 3, 2006
PubMed
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Replication is crucial for scientific evidence, but often impossible in epidemiology. This study proposes reproducibility standards, making data and software available for verifying findings and alternative analyses.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Biologic and physical sciences

Background:

  • Replication by independent investigators is fundamental to scientific evidence.
  • Epidemiologic studies quantify subtle health effects and inform policy, making replication critical.
  • Full replication is often infeasible due to time, cost, and study design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a standard for research reproducibility.
  • To evaluate the reproducibility of current epidemiologic research.
  • To propose and implement methods for reproducible research.

Main Methods:

  • Defining reproducibility as data and software availability for verification and alternative analyses.
  • Evaluating current epidemiologic research against reproducibility standards.
  • Implementing reproducible methods through a case study.

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Main Results:

  • Full replication is often impossible in epidemiology.
  • Reproducibility is an attainable minimum standard.
  • A case study in air pollution and health was used to implement reproducible methods.

Conclusions:

  • Reproducibility, ensuring data and software availability, is essential for robust epidemiologic research.
  • Implementing reproducible methods can enhance the reliability of findings, especially for policy-relevant research.
  • Standards and methods for reproducible research are proposed and demonstrated.