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Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

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Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography01:22

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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

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Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
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Ascites01:19

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DefinitionAscites is the buildup of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity. It occurs when fluid moves out of the vascular system faster than the peritoneal lymphatics can remove it. This fluid shift is most commonly seen in liver cirrhosis but can also appear in several other systemic disorders.EtiologyCirrhosis remains the leading cause of ascites. Other conditions that can contribute include:Heart failureConstrictive pericarditisAbdominal cancersNephrotic syndromeSevere protein–calorie...
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Cholecystitis01:20

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Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 26, 2026

Bedside Ultrasound for Guiding Fluid Removal in Patients with Pulmonary Edema: The Reverse-FALLS Protocol
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Clarification of ascites fluid.

G Baum1, M Frey, J Santa Teresa

  • 1Technicon Corporation, Division of Miles, Tarrytown, NY 10591.

Biotechniques
|April 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Clarifying ascites fluid is crucial for monoclonal antibody purification. An on-line filtration process is the most efficient method for large-scale purification, impacting key chemical components minimally.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Process Chemistry

Background:

  • Monoclonal antibody purification relies heavily on initial ascites fluid clarification.
  • This critical step has historically received limited focused research.
  • Effective clarification is vital for downstream processing efficiency and product quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of six different ascites fluid clarification procedures.
  • To assess the impact of these procedures on selected chemical components.
  • To identify the most efficient clarification method for large-scale monoclonal antibody production.

Main Methods:

  • Six distinct clarification techniques were assessed.
  • Effectiveness was measured by clarity and impurity removal.

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  • Impact on key chemical components (e.g., proteins, salts) was analyzed.
  • Main Results:

    • All six methods improved fluid clarity to varying degrees.
    • The on-line filtration process demonstrated superior efficiency for large-scale applications.
    • Minimal adverse effects on selected chemical components were observed with the optimal method.

    Conclusions:

    • The choice of clarification method significantly impacts purification efficiency.
    • On-line filtration is a highly effective and efficient technique for large-scale ascites fluid clarification.
    • This method offers a balance between effective clarification and preservation of critical chemical components for antibody purification.