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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

8.2K
Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
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Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

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The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
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Energy In A Magnetic Field01:24

Energy In A Magnetic Field

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If a magnetic field is sustained, there must be a current in a closed circuit or loop, implying some energy has been spent in creating the field. If this energy is not dissipated via the circuit's resistance, it is stored in the field.
Take an ideal inductor with zero resistance. Although it's practically impossible, assume that the coil's resistance is so small that it is practically negligible. The loss of the field's energy to dissipate thermal energy (or heat) is thus...
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Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field01:26

Divergence and Curl of Magnetic Field

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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetic Vector Potential01:15

Magnetic Vector Potential

1.8K
In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
Consider an ideal solenoid with n turns per unit length and radius R. If I is the current through the solenoid, the magnetic field inside the solenoid is expressed as the product of vacuum...
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Investigation of Early Plasma Evolution Induced by Ultrashort Laser Pulses
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A magnetically collimated jet from an evolved star.

Wouter H T Vlemmings1, Philip J Diamond, Hiroshi Imai

  • 1Jodrell Bank Observatory, University of Manchester, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9DL, UK. wouter@jb.man.ac.uk

Nature
|March 3, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic fields were observed to collimate jets from an evolved star, explaining the asymmetric shapes of planetary nebulae. This study provides the first direct evidence of magnetic field influence on stellar jets.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Stellar Evolution
  • Magnetohydrodynamics

Background:

  • Planetary nebulae often exhibit asymmetric shapes, a phenomenon not easily explained by symmetric progenitor stars.
  • Theoretical models suggest that collimated jets from evolved stars may cause these asymmetries.
  • Magnetic fields are hypothesized to be the primary mechanism for collimating these jets, similar to their role in active galactic nuclei and proto-stellar outflows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide direct observational evidence for the role of magnetic fields in collimating stellar jets.
  • To investigate the magnetic field properties within the precessing jet of the asymptotic giant branch star W43A.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of water vapor maser polarization were used to probe the magnetic field.
  • Observations focused on the maser clusters located at the tips of the jets emanating from W43A.
  • The study analyzed the direction and strength of the magnetic field within the jet.

Main Results:

  • The study successfully measured the polarization of water vapor masers in the W43A star's jet.
  • These masers were found in two clusters at opposing jet tips, approximately 1,000 astronomical units from the star.
  • The data indicated a significant magnetic field present and aligned to collimate the jet.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide the first direct observational evidence that magnetic fields collimate astrophysical jets.
  • This confirms the hypothesis that magnetic fields play a crucial role in shaping planetary nebulae through jet collimation.
  • The study advances our understanding of late-stage stellar evolution and the physics of outflows from evolved stars.