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Air pollution: from lung to heart.

Nino Künzli1, Ira B Tager

  • 1Dept. of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1540 Alcazar, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA. kuenzli@usc.edu

Swiss Medical Weekly
|March 3, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Ambient air pollution significantly impacts respiratory and cardiovascular health, leading to acute and chronic diseases. Individual susceptibility, influenced by genetics, plays a key role in these adverse health effects.

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Effect of ambient air pollution on hospital admission for respiratory diseases in Hanoi children during 2007-2019.

Environmental research·2023

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Ambient air pollution is a global health concern linked to numerous adverse health outcomes.
  • Mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
  • Both acute and long-term health effects are observed, impacting morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence correlating air pollution with health effects.
  • To elucidate the major biological mechanisms involved in air pollution's impact.
  • To highlight the acute and long-term consequences and identify areas for future research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies.
  • Analysis of biological pathways such as oxidative stress and inflammation.
  • Examination of clinical outcomes and long-term health consequences.

Main Results:

  • Air pollution is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, including lung function changes, thrombosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and death.
  • Acute effects manifest as altered physiological parameters and increased healthcare utilization.
  • Long-term exposure can lead to chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, asthma, and atherosclerosis, reducing life expectancy.

Conclusions:

  • Ambient air pollution poses a significant threat to public health, affecting both the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
  • Understanding the mechanisms and identifying susceptible populations are crucial for mitigating these adverse effects.
  • Further research is needed to address specific pollutants, sources, and individual genetic factors influencing susceptibility.

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