Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Emergence of vaccine-related pneumococcal serotypes as a cause of bacteremia

Andrew P Steenhoff1, Samir S Shah, Adam J Ratner

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. steenhoff@email.chop.edu

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|March 3, 2006
PubMed

Insights

The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) reduced pneumococcal bacteremia by 57% in children. However, penicillin resistance and bacteremia from related serotypes increased post-vaccination.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) significantly reduced invasive pneumococcal disease in US children.
  • The impact of non-PCV7 serotypes on pediatric pneumococcal bacteremia post-licensure remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PCV7 on pediatric pneumococcal bacteremia incidence and serotype distribution.
  • To assess changes in antibiotic resistance patterns and the emergence of non-PCV7 serotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of bacteremia episodes (Streptococcus pneumoniae, other respiratory pathogens) in children (<18 years) from 1999-2005.
  • Comparison of serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance between pre- and post-PCV7 introduction periods.

Main Results:

  • Pneumococcal bacteremia incidence decreased by 57% post-PCV7 introduction.
  • Bacteremia caused by vaccine serotypes dropped significantly (85% to 34%), while non-vaccine serotypes showed no significant change.
  • Penicillin non-susceptibility increased from 25% to 39%; bacteremia due to vaccine-related serotypes rose from 6% to 35%.

Conclusions:

  • PCV7 introduction led to a substantial decrease in overall pneumococcal bacteremia.
  • Increased penicillin resistance and a rise in bacteremia due to vaccine-related serotypes were observed post-PCV7 introduction.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/4306:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling08:25

Visualization of Streptococcus pneumoniae within Cardiac Microlesions and Subsequent Cardiac Remodeling

Published on: April 7, 2015

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Bacterial Meningitis01:24

Bacterial Meningitis

Bacterial meningitis is a severe infectious disease involving inflammation of the meninges, the protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It occurs when pathogenic bacteria cross the blood–brain barrier and enter the cerebrospinal fluid. Common causative organisms include Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli K1. The exact route of entry varies by pathogen and host condition.Routes of Entry...
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...