Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 11, 2026

Generation of Transgenic Hydra by Embryo Microinjection
Published on: September 11, 2014
PI3K and ERK 1-2 regulate early stages during head regeneration in hydra
Gema C Manuel1, Rosalia Reynoso, Lydia Gee
1Departamento de Bioquimica, CINVESTAV-IPN, Queretaro, Mexico.
Abstract:
Different signaling systems coordinate and regulate the development of a multicellular organism. In hydra, the canonical Wnt pathway and the signal transduction pathways mediated by PKC and Src regulate early stages of head formation. In this paper, we present evidence for the participation of a third pathway, the PI3K-PKB pathway, involved in this process. The data presented here are consistent with the participation of ERK 1-2 as a point of convergence for the transduction pathways mediated by PKC, Src and PI3K for the regulation of the regeneration of the head in hydra. The specific developmental point regulated by them appears to be the commitment of tissue at the apical end of the regenerate to form the head organizer.
Related Concept Videos
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
Role of Ephrin-Eph Signalling in Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal
Whole Body Regeneration
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
MAPK Signaling Cascades

