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Growth properties and F protein cleavage site sequences of naturally occurring human parainfluenza type 2 viruses
Abstract:
The growth properties of 24 clinical isolates of PIV-2 obtained from six independent areas in Japan were examined using Vero and primary monkey kidney cells. These viruses could be subdivided into three groups on the basis of the ability of syncytium formation on the two primate cell systems. The distinct correlation between the F protein cleavability and the fusogenic effect was observed in Vero cells, and the importance of consecutive basic residues in the F protein cleavage site for efficient cleavage was suggested by the sequence analyses of their F genes. On the other hand, in PMK cells, their fusogenic activities could not be directly attributed to the F cleavability, fusion peptide sequence, and replication efficiency, indicating that unidentified structural features play an important role in cytopathic activities of naturally occurring PIV-2s.
Insights
This study investigated parainfluenza virus type 2 (PIV-2) growth properties in different cell types. Findings suggest distinct viral features influence syncytium formation, with unidentified factors impacting cytopathic effects in primary monkey kidney cells.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Parainfluenza virus type 2 (PIV-2) is a significant respiratory pathogen.
- Understanding PIV-2 growth and cytopathic mechanisms is crucial for developing antiviral strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the growth properties and syncytium formation of clinical PIV-2 isolates.
- To investigate the role of the F protein in PIV-2 fusogenicity and cytopathic effects.
Main Methods:
- Culturing 24 PIV-2 clinical isolates from Japan.
- Assessing viral growth and syncytium formation in Vero and primary monkey kidney (PMK) cells.
- Analyzing F protein sequences and correlating them with observed fusogenic activities.
Main Results:
- PIV-2 isolates were grouped based on syncytium formation in Vero and PMK cells.
- A correlation between F protein cleavability and fusogenic effect was observed in Vero cells.
- Consecutive basic residues in the F protein cleavage site were linked to efficient cleavage.
- In PMK cells, fusogenic activities were not solely explained by F protein cleavability, peptide sequence, or replication efficiency.
Conclusions:
- F protein cleavability and specific amino acid sequences are important for PIV-2 fusogenicity in Vero cells.
- Unidentified structural features in PIV-2 likely contribute to cytopathic activities in primary monkey kidney cells.