Energy budget of juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus fed live food

The fat snook Centropomus parallelus is a tropical estuarine species with importance for recreational and commercial fisheries and further aquaculture potential. Considering ingested energy (C) is channeled into growth (P), metabolic expenditure (R), excretion (U) and feces (F), a balanced energy budget was established for isolated and grouped juvenile C. parallelus (5.18 to 10.25 g wet mass) by experimental quantification of each of these parameters. Fish were fed live prawn (Macrobrachium sp.) at 25 degrees C and 20 per thousand for 19 days and daily energy budgets could be calculated. Energy content of food (live prawn), fish whole body and feces were 17.7, 14.5 and 6.1 KJ g(-1) dry mass (DW), respectively. Mass-specific rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia-N excretion were 0.271 and 0.0082 mg of O(2) or NH(3)-N g(-1) wet mass (WW) h(-1), respectively, resulting in O:N=23.4. Daily ingestion (C) was dependent on the amount of food offered and ranged between 4.9% to 7.4% of initial wet weight. Growth (P) was positively correlated with initial mass varying from 0.008 to 0.104 g day(-1). Feces release also correlated to fish mass and averaged 9.53 mg dry mass day(-1). The components of energy budget showed mean values of 2.39 (C), 0.24 (P), 1.96 (R), 0.11 (U) and 0.06 (F) KJ ind(-1) day(-1). As percentage of ingested energy, C. parallelus channeled 10% in growth (P), 82% in metabolism (R), 4.6% in excretion (U) and 2.5% in feces (F). Gross (K(1)) and net (K(2)) growth efficiencies were 9.2% and 9.9%, respectively. On the course of this period of juvenile development, K(1) and K(2) increased significantly. Partitioning of ingested energy in P, R, U and F was significantly different in individually and group maintained fish (P<0.05). Energy budget of C. parallelus fed a highly digestible diet (live prawn) revealed poor growth and growth efficiencies (K(1) and K(2)) possibly associated with an elevated metabolic demand and a high channeling of metabolized energy (P+R) into metabolism (R) in both isolated and grouped fish. Data can be applied to ecosystem modeling and may contribute to identify species potential to aquaculture.