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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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A model is a theoretical way to understand a concept or an idea. Models can overcome barriers to health regardless of diverse economic and cultural backgrounds. In addition, models make the task easier by providing different ways to approach complex issues. There are two major health promotion models: the health belief model and the health promotion model.
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The person's health status fluctuates continually, varying from being in good health to becoming ill and returning to being healthy. To understand the concept of illness prevention, there are two models. First, the health-illness continuum model is a graphic representation of an individual's wellness. It states that a person is considered healthy in the absence of physical disease and the presence of good emotional health.
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Updated: Jul 21, 2026

Visualization of Intensity Levels to Reduce the Gap Between Self-Reported and Directly Measured Physical Activity
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Published on: March 7, 2019

ICAPS: a multilevel program to improve physical activity in adolescents.

C Simon1, A Wagner, C Platat

  • 1EA1801 Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases and cancer, Influence of nutrition and physical inactivity, Université Louis Pasteur, Faculté de Médecine, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France. chantal.simon@medecine-u-strasbg.fr

Diabetes & Metabolism
|March 9, 2006
PubMed
Summary

The ICAPS program successfully increased physical activity (PA) and reduced sedentary behavior in adolescents. This intervention is feasible for promoting lifelong healthy habits and preventing weight gain.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Adolescent Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Adolescent obesity and cardiovascular risk are significant public health concerns.
  • The Intervention Centred on Adolescents' Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour (ICAPS) program aims to address these issues.
  • Promoting physical activity (PA) and reducing sedentary behavior are key strategies for prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and short-term effectiveness of the ICAPS multilevel intervention program.
  • To promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior in adolescents.
  • To prevent excessive weight gain and cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • A four-year randomized study involving 954 adolescents (aged 11.7 ± 0.6 years) from eastern France.
  • Schools were randomized to intervention or control groups.
  • The intervention involved changing attitudes, encouraging social support, and creating enabling environments for PA, focusing on fun and accessibility.

Main Results:

  • High participation rates (50% engaged in weekly activities).
  • After six months, supervised PA outside of academic settings increased significantly in the intervention group (36% to 17% vs. 42% to 42% in controls, P < 10-4).
  • Daily sedentary time decreased in the intervention group (34% to 28% vs. 27% to 36% in controls, P < 10-4).

Conclusions:

  • The ICAPS program is a feasible multilevel intervention for adolescents.
  • Six-month results show increased physical activity and decreased sedentary behavior.
  • The intervention shows promise for long-term prevention of weight gain and cardiovascular risk.