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Control of adrenal androgen secretion.

L N Parker1

  • 1University of California, College of Medicine, Irvine.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

The human adrenal gland uniquely secretes high levels of androgens, with secretion patterns diverging from cortisol due to unclear factors. Research explores endogenous and exogenous influences, including pituitary substances, on adrenal androgen regulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Steroidogenesis

Background:

  • Human adrenal glands exhibit high androgen secretion compared to other species.
  • Adrenal androgen and cortisol secretion patterns diverge in various physiological and pathological states, such as adrenarche, puberty, aging, and illness.
  • The precise regulatory mechanisms underlying these divergent secretion patterns remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore potential endogenous and exogenous factors that modulate adrenal androgen secretion.
  • To investigate the role of pituitary and extrapituitary substances in regulating adrenal androgen production.
  • To analyze evidence suggesting factors beyond ACTH influence the adrenal androgen/cortisol ratio.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on adrenal androgen secretion.
  • Discussion of endogenous factors like adrenal blood supply, cofactors, and cellular properties.
  • Examination of exogenous factors including growth hormone, IGF-1, gonadotropins, estrogens, and POMC-related peptides.
  • Analysis of clinical and experimental evidence from adrenal-suppressed patients and hypophysectomized chimpanzees.

Main Results:

  • Adrenal androgen secretion is influenced by factors intrinsic to the adrenal gland and extrinsic substances.
  • Evidence suggests that substances beyond ACTH play a role in regulating adrenal androgen levels.
  • The inability of ACTH alone to maintain normal adrenal androgen/cortisol ratios indicates the involvement of other regulatory factors.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal androgen secretion is a complex process regulated by multiple endogenous and exogenous factors, including pituitary and extrapituitary substances.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate control mechanisms governing adrenal androgen production.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing conditions involving altered adrenal androgen levels.

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