Cytotoxic constituents from Solanum lyratum

Area of Science:

• Natural Product Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy
• Medicinal Chemistry

Background:

• Solanum lyratum is a plant with traditional medicinal uses.
• Phytochemical investigation of Solanum lyratum can lead to the discovery of novel bioactive compounds.
• Pregnane derivatives are a class of steroids with diverse biological activities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To isolate and characterize compounds from the ethanol extract of Solanum lyratum.
• To evaluate the cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds.
• To identify new bioactive natural products for potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

• Activity-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract.
• Structure elucidation using spectral data (NMR, MS) and chemical evidence.
• In vitro cytotoxic activity assay against various cancer cell lines (A375-S2, HeLa, SGC-7901, Bel-7402).

Main Results:

• Isolation of a new pregnane derivative glycoside, 16-dehydropregnenolone 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-beta-D-glucopyranosid uronic acid (2).
• Isolation of six known compounds: 16-dehydropregnenolone (1), allopregenolone (3), protocatechuic acid (4), vanillic acid (5), caffeic acid (6), and scopoletin (7).
• Compounds 1, 3, and 4 were reported for the first time in this plant.
• Compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 13.1 to 49.8 microg/mL against tested cell lines.

Conclusions:

• The phytochemical investigation of Solanum lyratum led to the identification of a novel pregnane derivative glycoside.
• 16-Dehydropregnenolone demonstrated potent cytotoxic effects against multiple cancer cell lines, suggesting its potential as an anticancer agent.
• Further research into the mechanism of action and structure-activity relationships of these compounds is warranted.