Symptom score for lower urinary tract dysfunction in pediatric urology

Lower urinary tract dysfunction is a common component of virtually every pediatric urologist's practice. Although lower urinary tract dysfunction should be considered more of a social nuisance than a true medical condition, if left unchecked, real comorbidities may occur. A thorough history, physical examination, voiding diary, and noninvasive urodynamic studies, such as flow rate or flow rate with electromyography, generally are used to make an accurate diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is established, a wide range of therapies are available and their use may be based on the age of the child, duration of symptoms, etiology of the lower urinary tract dysfunction and associated urologic disease, and physician or family preferences. Symptom scoring systems have been devised to confirm diagnosis of lower urinary tract dysfunction, classify its severity, and serve as a monitoring instrument to determine response to treatment.