Partial nephrectomy for renal urothelial tumors: clinical update

To evaluate the contemporary indications and outcome after partial nephrectomy for renal urothelial cancer. Partial nephrectomy is an established treatment for renal cell cancer but its use for renal urothelial tumors has been studied less extensively.

Records were reviewed for patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for renal urothelial tumors between January 1990 and December 2001. Partial nephrectomy was selected for those with a solitary kidney, chronic renal insufficiency, or bilateral synchronous tumors. Partial nephrectomy was performed according to the principles of partial nephrectomy. Follow-up included ultrasonography, intravenous urography, computed tomography, metastatic workup, and renal function evaluation.

This study included 12 patients (12 kidneys, 10 solitary) with a mean age of 68.5 +/- 21 years and a mean follow-up of 40.8 +/- 32 months. The pathologic T stage was Tis in 1 patient, T1 in 3, T2 in 2, and T3 in 6 patients. Of the 12 patients, 6 had negative surgical margins, and 4 of the 12 patients (30%) were tumor free after a mean follow-up of 57.7 months. Of the 6 patients with positive surgical margins (Stage T1 in 2 and T3 in 4), 1 developed recurrence and 3 developed metastasis; 4 died after a mean of 31.3 months. Overall recurrence was seen in 5 (42%) and progression (metastasis) in 6 (50%) patients. Of the 12 patients, 6 were alive, 4 of them were well (mean serum creatinine 1.83 mg/dL) at 62 months of follow-up. Two patients required dialysis. The overall long-term survival rate was 50%.

Partial nephrectomy for renal urothelial tumors is feasible and should be considered in a select population. Dialysis or renal replacement can be delayed or avoided in most of these patients, but strict surveillance remains mandatory.