Remote cerebellar hemorrhage: a review

Remote cerebellar hemorrhage remains a complication rarely occurring after supratentorial surgery (<5%) and presumably even less frequent after spinal surgery. Although the pathomechanisms leading to RCH with its typical bleeding pattern are still not definitely understood, intra- or even more likely postoperative loss of larger volumes of CSF seem to be related to this complication. Prognosis significantly depends on severity of hemorrhage and patient age. Outcome in more than 50% of all cases is good with only mild remaining neurological symptoms or complete recovery, while death occurs in approximately 10-15%. Close monitoring of patients undergoing surgery that involves the risk of draining large volumes of CSF is mandatory and patients with postoperative drainage of larger amounts of fluid acquire increased attentiveness. Early detection and correct interpretation of the typical bleeding pattern might help to avoid further aggravation of symptoms. This review will address incidence, typical appearance and pathophysiological considerations, as well as risk factors, treatment options, and outcome related with RCH.