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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
When the function of certain critical genes, especially those involved in cell cycle regulation and cell growth signaling cascades, gets disrupted, it upsets the cell cycle progression. Such cells with unchecked cell cycles start proliferating uncontrollably and eventually develop into tumors.
Such genes that act...
Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...

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Decrease in mortality in Lynch syndrome families because of surveillance.

Andrea E de Jong1, Yvonne M C Hendriks, Jan H Kleibeuker

  • 1The Netherlands Foundation for the Detection of Hereditary Tumors, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Gastroenterology
|March 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Surveillance for Lynch syndrome significantly reduced colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality by 70%. However, mortality for other cancers, except brain tumors, did not show a significant increase in excess risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Public Health Surveillance

Background:

  • Lynch syndrome significantly elevates the risk of colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancers (EC).
  • A large-scale surveillance program was implemented in The Netherlands in the late 1980s for Lynch syndrome families.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the Dutch Lynch syndrome surveillance program.
  • To assess changes in CRC and EC mortality rates before and after 1990.
  • To compare overall cancer mortality (excluding CRC/EC) with the general population.

Main Methods:

  • Selected family members with a ≥50% probability of being a Lynch syndrome carrier.
  • Calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for various cancers.
  • Determined absolute excess risk (AER) of death.

Main Results:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality showed a significant 70% decrease in SMR post-surveillance introduction (P < .001).
  • Endometrial cancer (EC) mortality did not exhibit a decreasing trend.
  • Elevated SMRs were observed for small bowel, brain, kidney/ureter, ovarian, pancreatic, and stomach cancers; only brain tumors showed a significantly increased AER.

Conclusions:

  • The surveillance program has successfully reduced CRC mortality in Lynch syndrome families.
  • No significant increase in absolute excess risk was found for most other cancers, with the exception of brain tumors.