Experimental models of temporary normothermic liver ischemia

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury has so far been investigated in various experimental models. A clinical transfer of experimental results is, however, problematic because of anatomical and physiological differences and also the inevitable simplification of experimental work. The choice of model must therefore be adapted to the clinical question to be answered. The simplest procedure for inducing normothermic ischemia is to clamp the hepatoduodenal ligament. Models that do not avert portal congestion are regarded as unsuitable. Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion injury depends mainly on studies whose authors have investigated either global liver ischemia with a portocaval shunt, spleen transposition and in the isolated perfused system, or partial ischemia. This review is a critical examination of various approaches to the study of normothermic hepatic ischemia in experimental animals.