Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026
03:19
Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
Published on: June 21, 2024
Renal dysplasia with extrarenal calyces
Saud A Taha1, Mohamed H Hashish, Hamed M Eldarawany
1Department of Urology, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, King Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. saud46@yahoo.com
Saudi Medical Journal
|March 15, 2006
Summary
This case study details a 2-year-old boy with complex congenital kidney anomalies, including simple renal dysplasia and associated urinary tract abnormalities. The findings highlight the spectrum of developmental kidney disorders in pediatric patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Urology
- Congenital Anomalies
Background:
- Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common in pediatric populations.
- Simple renal dysplasia is a spectrum of developmental abnormalities affecting kidney formation.
Observation:
- A 2-year-old boy presented with a complex case of congenital urinary tract abnormalities.
- Key findings included simple renal dysplasia with extrarenal calyces of the left kidney.
Findings:
- Associated anomalies on the left side involved pelviureteral junction obstruction and ectopic ureterocele.
- The patient also exhibited severe (Grade V) vesico-ureteral reflux in the contralateral (right) kidney.
Implications:
- This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation for associated anomalies in pediatric renal dysplasia.
- Understanding these complex presentations aids in diagnosis and management of CAKUT.
- Further research into the genetic and developmental pathways of renal anomalies is warranted.
Related Concept Videos
01:10Nephrons
The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
01:24Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), the Loop of Henle (LOH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT).
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
The PCT is the initial segment of the renal tubule, extending from the Bowman's capsule that encloses the glomerulus. Its convoluted structure and microvilli-lined cells increase the surface area for reabsorption. The PCT reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, sodium, and water from the filtrate, ensuring essential...
01:21External Anatomy of the Kidney
The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
01:28Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
01:25Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management
Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
01:26Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...