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Related Experiment Videos

Increased chemical resistance explains low herbivore colonization of introduced seaweed.

Sofia A Wikström1, María B Steinarsdóttir, Lena Kautsky

  • 1Department of Botany, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden. sofia.wikstrom@botan.su.se

Oecologia
|March 15, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Introduced seaweed, Fucus evanescens, shows increased defense compounds in new ranges, suggesting enhanced resistance, not enemy release, drives invasion success against generalist herbivores.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Research

Background:

  • Invasive species success is often linked to enemy release and reduced defense (Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability - EICA).
  • These hypotheses are less understood in systems with generalist herbivores and low host-specificity.
  • Fucus evanescens is a brown seaweed with a widespread invasive range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test enemy release and EICA hypotheses for Fucus evanescens invasion.
  • To compare herbivore utilization and defense allocation in native vs. introduced F. evanescens.
  • To understand invasion success factors in generalist herbivore systems.

Main Methods:

  • Field surveys of herbivore communities on F. evanescens and competitors in native and invaded ranges.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Laboratory choice experiments with key herbivores and seaweed from both ranges.
  • Chemical analysis of anti-grazing compounds in native and introduced F. evanescens.

    • Main Results:

    • F. evanescens was a preferred host in its native range but less preferred in the invaded range.
    • Invaded populations had less diverse herbivore fauna compared to native ranges.
    • Introduced F. evanescens showed higher allocation to defense compounds than native populations, contrary to EICA predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • Enemy release may occur, but invasion success is linked to increased defense allocation, not reduced defenses.
    • Increased resistance to herbivory is a key strategy for F. evanescens invasion success.
    • Generalist herbivore systems may favor invaders with enhanced defensive capabilities.