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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

18.2K
Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

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Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
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Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

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Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon...
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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

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Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction....
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Related Experiment Videos

Pathogenesis of migration disorders.

Pierre Gressens1

  • 1INSERM U676, Hôpital Robert Debré, 48 Boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France. gressens@debre.inserm.fr

Current Opinion in Neurology
|March 16, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuronal migration relies on cytoskeletal and signaling molecules, including the reelin pathway. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for deciphering human neuronal migration disorders.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Neocortical neurons originate in the periventricular germinative zone or ganglionic eminence.
  • These neurons migrate to form the cortical plate, a critical developmental process.
  • Recent advances have identified genes linked to human neuronal migration disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms controlling neuronal migration.
  • To highlight the complex molecular machinery involved in this process.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental studies and genetic findings related to neuronal migration.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways and signaling molecules.

Main Results:

  • Neuronal migration involves cytoskeletal molecules, signaling pathways (e.g., reelin), stop signals, neurotrophins, glutamate receptors, and peroxisome-derived factors.
  • Cross-talk between these molecular pathways is increasingly recognized.
  • Specific molecular defects are linked to human disorders like periventricular heterotopias, lissencephaly, and double cortex syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding neuronal migration mechanisms illuminates human developmental disorders.
  • Defects in filamin, Lis1, doublecortin, and reelin are implicated in specific migration disorders.
  • Further research into these molecular players is essential for understanding brain development.