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Updated: Aug 10, 2026
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Published on: June 16, 2023
Thoracic duct variations may complicate the anterior spine procedures
Omer Akcali1, Amac Kiray, Ipek Ergur
1Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey. omer.akcali@deu.edu.tr
Summary
Anatomical variations of the thoracic duct are common and crucial for spinal surgeons to understand. Documenting these features helps prevent surgical complications.
Area of Science:
- Anatomy
- Surgical Anatomy
- Thoracic Surgery
Background:
- The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel in the body.
- Understanding its anatomy is vital for preventing iatrogenic injury during spinal surgery.
Purpose of the Study:
- To localize and document the anatomical features of the thoracic duct and its tributaries.
- To emphasize the clinical relevance for spinal surgery.
Main Methods:
- Dissection of thoracic ducts from nine formaldehyde-preserved male cadavers.
- Determination of drainage patterns, duct diameter, tributary localization, and cisterna chyli morphology.
Main Results:
- The thoracic duct was identified in all specimens.
- Major tributaries were concentrated in the upper and lower thoracic regions.
- Two significant anatomical variations were observed: dual lymphatic systems and a bifid thoracic duct.
Conclusions:
- Anatomical variations of the thoracic duct are numerous and clinically significant.
- Awareness of these variations is essential for minimizing complications in spinal surgery.
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