Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 10, 2026

Real-World M3-BREATHE: Toward Multimodal Mobile Monitoring of Behaviour, Respiration, and Exposures for Treatment and Health Evaluation
Published on: June 5, 2026
Multilevel grouped regression for analyzing self-reported health in relation to environmental factors: the model and
Catharina G M Groothuis-Oudshoorn1, Henk M E Miedema
1Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO, Department of Statistics. k.groothuis@rrd.nl
Abstract:
A method for modeling the relationship of polychotomous health ratings with predictors such as area characteristics, the distance to a source of environmental contamination, or exposure to environmental pollutants is presented. The model combines elements of grouped regression and multilevel analysis. The statistical model describes the entire response distribution as a function of the predictors so that any measure that summarizes this distribution can be calculated from the model. With the model, polychotomous health ratings can be used, and there is no need for a priori dichotomizing such variables which would lead to loss of information. It is described how, according to the model, various measures describing the response distribution are related to the exposure, and the confidence and tolerance intervals for these relationships are presented. Specific attention is given to the incorporation of random factors in the model. The application that here serves as an example, concerns annoyance from transportation noise. Exposure-response relationships obtained with the described method of modeling are presented for aircraft, road traffic, and railway noise.
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