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Increased serum amyloid A concentrations in morbid obesity decrease after gastric bypass.

Javier Gómez-Ambrosi1, Javier Salvador, Fernando Rotellar

  • 1Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.

Obesity Surgery
|March 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Obesity increases Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels in the blood and omental fat, contributing to cardiovascular risk. Weight loss through gastric bypass significantly reduces these elevated SAA concentrations.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation, a potential driver of cardiovascular diseases.
  • Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein elevated during inflammation, infection, injury, and stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare circulating SAA concentrations and omental adipose tissue SAA mRNA expression between lean and obese individuals.
  • To evaluate the impact of weight loss following gastric bypass surgery on SAA levels.

Main Methods:

  • Serum SAA levels were measured using ELISA in 16 lean and 24 obese volunteers.
  • Omental adipose tissue SAA mRNA expression was quantified via RT-PCR in obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) and lean controls.
  • SAA concentrations were assessed in 18 morbidly obese patients before and after RYGBP-induced weight loss.

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Main Results:

  • Obese patients had significantly higher circulating SAA concentrations (39.3 ± 9.1 µg/ml) compared to lean subjects (6.6 ± 0.5 µg/ml).
  • A positive correlation was observed between SAA levels and body fat percentage (r=0.631, P<0.0001).
  • Obese individuals exhibited significantly increased SAA mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue compared to lean controls.
  • Weight loss post-RYGBP led to a significant reduction in SAA concentrations (from 47.5 ± 14.5 to 15.7 ± 2.9 µg/ml).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated serum SAA and omental adipose tissue SAA mRNA expression in obesity contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Weight reduction, particularly following gastric bypass, effectively lowers SAA concentrations.
  • The reduction in SAA may play a role in the cardiovascular benefits observed after significant weight loss.