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Related Experiment Videos

Inhaled azithromycin therapy.

Anthony J Hickey1, Dongmei Lu, Elizabeth Dodds Ashley

  • 1Division of Drug Delivery and Disposition, School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA. ahickey@unc.edu

Journal of Aerosol Medicine : the Official Journal of the International Society for Aerosols in Medicine
|March 23, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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This study optimized azithromycin aerosol delivery for lung infections. The LC Plus nebulizer with high azithromycin concentrations maximized lung exposure, improving treatment efficacy and safety for pulmonary diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Pulmonary Drug Delivery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pulmonary infectious diseases can be treated with pharmaceutical aerosols for targeted lung delivery.
  • Current treatments for infections like Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pneumocystis jirovecii are suboptimal.
  • Azithromycin, an antibiotic, has side effects that may be reduced by aerosol delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate azithromycin aerosol delivery from different nebulizers at various concentrations.
  • To determine particle size distribution and emitted dose for optimized pulmonary drug delivery.
  • To identify conditions maximizing lung exposure to azithromycin for improved treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Three azithromycin concentrations (10, 50, 100 mg/mL) were nebulized using Acorn II, Updraft, and LC Plus devices.

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  • Particle size analysis was performed using inertial impaction and laser diffraction.
  • Emitted doses were quantified, and linear proportionality between dose and particle metrics was assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • A strong linear relationship (R2 > 0.999) was observed between nominal dose and fine particle dose/fraction and emitted dose.
    • The LC Plus and Acorn II nebulizers showed higher small particle delivery efficiency (85%) compared to UpDraft (75%).
    • The LC Plus nebulizer achieved the highest emitted dose (55 mg/min) at 100 mg/mL azithromycin concentration.

    Conclusions:

    • Optimizing aerosol properties, including small median diameters and broad particle size distributions, is key for maximizing lung exposure.
    • The LC Plus nebulizer, combined with high azithromycin concentrations (100 mg/mL), maximizes lung dose delivery under tested conditions.
    • This approach holds promise for improving the efficacy and safety of azithromycin treatment for pulmonary infections.