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Motor patterns in human walking and running.

G Cappellini1, Y P Ivanenko, R E Poppele

  • 1Department of Neuromotor Physiology, Scientific Institute Foundation Santa Lucia, 306 via Ardeatina, 00179 Rome, Italy.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|March 24, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Human locomotion, like walking and running, shares neural control but differs in muscle activation timing. A key stance phase timing shift distinguishes running from walking, independent of speed.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Locomotion

Background:

  • Walking and running, distinct forms of human locomotion, are presumed to utilize shared neural control mechanisms.
  • Differences in kinematics and kinetics suggest potentially divergent muscle activation patterns between gaits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the differences in muscle activation patterns between walking and running.
  • To determine if gait-specific muscle activation timing is influenced by locomotion speed.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity from 32 limb and trunk muscles during walking and running across speeds of 3-12 km/h.
  • Analyzed temporal activation components and their muscle loading patterns for each gait.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Identified five basic temporal activation components for running, similar to those found for walking.
  • Observed similar muscle loading on leg muscles across gaits, but differing patterns in upper trunk and shoulder muscles.
  • A significant finding was an earlier phase shift of a stance-phase temporal component during running compared to walking, independent of speed.

Conclusions:

  • Locomotion motor programs appear organized into swing and stance/transition phases.
  • The observed timing shift in muscle activation between walking and running reflects the altered stance phase duration characteristic of running.