Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
Robot-assisted Total Mesorectal Excision and Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Locally Advanced Middle-low Rectal Cancer
Published on: February 12, 2022
Preoperative versus postoperative treatment for locally advanced rectal carcinoma
1Azienda Ospedale - Università, Medical Oncology Division, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy. laramary@libero.it
Epidemiology:
Overall mortality of rectal cancer at 5 years is approximately 40%. This cancer is commonly diagnosed at an early stage, but because of local relapse and/or metastatic disease, only half of radically resected patients can be considered disease free.
Common Treatment:
The value of adding radiotherapy to surgery in the treatment of patients with resectable rectal cancer has been assessed in trials using either preoperative or postoperative irradiation.
Improvements In Treatment:
Preoperative radiotherapy and complete resection are established modalities for Stage II and III rectal cancer whilst data reporting improvement of survival by preoperative chemoradiotherapy are still not available. At present, the improved results reported by Phase II trials in terms of local control, sphincter saving and tumor regression grade make neoadjuvant treatment the 'standard' therapy only in North America and some other countries, but the concept of preoperative combined modality treatment is not supported globally.
