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Changes in medications administered in schools.

Ann Marie McCarthy1, Michael W Kelly, Shella Johnson

  • 1College of Nursing at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.

The Journal of School Nursing : the Official Publication of the National Association of School Nurses
|March 28, 2006
PubMed
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The introduction of long-acting stimulants reduced ADHD medication in schools. However, the variety of medications administered increased, complicating school medication management.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Pharmacology
  • School Health

Background:

  • Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
  • Medication management in schools is a critical aspect of student health and safety.
  • The development of long-acting stimulant formulations aimed to simplify ADHD treatment regimens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess changes in the types and number of AD/HD medications administered in schools.
  • To evaluate the impact of long-acting stimulant introduction on school medication practices.
  • To understand the evolving landscape of prescription and nonprescription medication use among students.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed.
  • A survey was distributed to 1,000 randomly selected school nurses nationwide.

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  • Data from 339 returned surveys (34% response rate) were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant reduction in students receiving any prescription medication, methylphenidate, or amphetamine/dextroamphetamine was observed between 2000 and 2003 (p < .0001).
    • High school students used fewer prescription and AD/HD medications but more nonprescription drugs compared to other students.
    • A wide array of 163 prescription and 28 nonprescription medications were administered during school days.

    Conclusions:

    • Long-acting stimulants have decreased the overall number of prescription ADHD medications administered in schools.
    • Despite reduced numbers, the diversity of medications used in schools has dramatically increased.
    • School medication administration has become more complex due to the wider range of drugs managed.