Natural gas pipeline leak detector based on NIR diode laser absorption spectroscopy

Area of Science:

• Engineering
• Spectroscopy
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Natural gas pipeline leaks pose significant safety and environmental risks.
• Accurate and remote leak detection is crucial for pipeline integrity and safety.
• Existing detection methods may have limitations in sensitivity or range.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an integrated natural gas pipeline leak detector.
• To utilize diode laser absorption spectroscopy for enhanced detection capabilities.
• To demonstrate remote sensing of gas leaks with high sensitivity.

Main Methods:

• Employed a 1.653 micrometer distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser transmitter (10 mW).
• Utilized backscattered light from topographic targets for detection.
• Implemented a ratio detection technique to mitigate topographic interference.
• Applied wavelength modulation and harmonic detection to boost sensitivity.

Main Results:

• Achieved an experimental detection limit of 50 ppm-meter (ppmm).
• Demonstrated remote leak detection up to 20 meters.
• Identified a minimum detectable pipe leak flux below 10 ml/min using a simulated leak pipe.

Conclusions:

• The developed diode laser absorption spectroscopy system is effective for remote natural gas leak detection.
• The system demonstrates high sensitivity and a practical detection range for pipeline monitoring.
• This technology offers a promising solution for improving natural gas pipeline safety and environmental protection.