From genome to phenome--RNAi library screening and hit characterization using signaling pathway analysis

Comprehensive, high-throughput analysis of gene function using RNA interference (RNAi)-based screens is emerging as a significant step forward for preliminary drug-target identification. Until quite recently drug target identification depended heavily on the analysis of changes in gene expression, which in turn needed to be correlated with gene function. The promise of obtaining preliminary 'gene to phenotype' information using a single high-throughput platform is propelling major investment in this area by biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. This review discusses recent developments in the use of RNAi library screens, and the various assay formats and techniques currently in use for data analysis downstream of such screens.