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Post-transfusion hepatitis.

F Ebeling1, J Leikola

  • 1Finnish Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki.

Annals of Medicine
|October 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus causes most post-transfusion hepatitis. Donor screening for hepatitis C antibodies is now common, preventing a significant majority of these infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Post-transfusion hepatitis incidence in the 1980s ranged from 2% to 31%.
  • Hepatitis B cases persist despite donor screening, but non-A, non-B hepatitis is more common.
  • Non-A, non-B hepatitis often becomes chronic, with hepatitis C virus identified as the primary cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the epidemiology and prevention of post-transfusion hepatitis.
  • To highlight the role of hepatitis C virus in transfusion-associated hepatitis.
  • To discuss the impact of donor screening for hepatitis C.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prospective international studies on post-transfusion hepatitis.
  • Characterization of hepatitis C virus as the causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis.
  • Evaluation of donor screening strategies for hepatitis C antibodies.

Main Results:

  • Hepatitis C virus is responsible for most transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis.
  • Hepatitis C seropositivity in donors correlates with viremia and infectivity.
  • Donor screening for hepatitis C antibodies is implemented globally.

Conclusions:

  • Hepatitis C screening significantly reduces post-transfusion hepatitis.
  • Improved screening assays enhance sensitivity and specificity.
  • Current screening methods are estimated to prevent 70-80% of post-transfusion hepatitis cases.

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