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Risk factor analysis in ischaemic stroke: a hospital-based study.

A K Basu1, S K Pal, S Saha

  • 1Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata.

Journal of the Indian Medical Association
|March 31, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Hypertension is the primary risk factor for ischaemic stroke, a significant health concern. This study identified hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes as key contributors to cerebral infarction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • Ischaemic stroke is frequently linked to atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors.
  • Understanding these risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of various risk factors in patients with ischaemic stroke.
  • To identify the most significant contributors to cerebral infarction in a hospital-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based study involving 40 patients with CT-confirmed cerebral infarction.
  • Detailed medical history and clinical examinations were performed.
  • Laboratory investigations included lipid profile, glucose, renal function tests, Lp(a), homocysteine, and fibrinogen.

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  • Cardiac and neuroimaging assessments (ECG, echocardiography, MRI/MRA) were utilized.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypertension was the most common risk factor, present in 87.5% of patients.
    • Ischaemic heart disease (35%) and diabetes were also prevalent.
    • Dyslipidaemia, characterized by elevated LDL, low HDL, and elevated Lp(a), was observed in a significant proportion.
    • Fibrinogen and homocysteine levels showed less significance in this cohort.

    Conclusions:

    • Hypertension is a dominant risk factor for ischaemic stroke.
    • Effective management of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes is critical for stroke prevention.
    • Lipid profile abnormalities, particularly elevated LDL and Lp(a), warrant attention in stroke risk assessment.