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Risk factor analysis in ischaemic stroke: a hospital-based study
1Diabetes & Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata.
Insights
Hypertension is the primary risk factor for ischaemic stroke, a significant health concern. This study identified hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes as key contributors to cerebral infarction.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality.
- Ischaemic stroke is frequently linked to atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors.
- Understanding these risk factors is crucial for prevention strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of various risk factors in patients with ischaemic stroke.
- To identify the most significant contributors to cerebral infarction in a hospital-based cohort.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based study involving 40 patients with CT-confirmed cerebral infarction.
- Detailed medical history and clinical examinations were performed.
- Laboratory investigations included lipid profile, glucose, renal function tests, Lp(a), homocysteine, and fibrinogen.
- Cardiac and neuroimaging assessments (ECG, echocardiography, MRI/MRA) were utilized.
Main Results:
- Hypertension was the most common risk factor, present in 87.5% of patients.
- Ischaemic heart disease (35%) and diabetes were also prevalent.
- Dyslipidaemia, characterized by elevated LDL, low HDL, and elevated Lp(a), was observed in a significant proportion.
- Fibrinogen and homocysteine levels showed less significance in this cohort.
Conclusions:
- Hypertension is a dominant risk factor for ischaemic stroke.
- Effective management of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes is critical for stroke prevention.
- Lipid profile abnormalities, particularly elevated LDL and Lp(a), warrant attention in stroke risk assessment.
Abstract:
Stroke represents a major health burden in our country. Ischaemic stroke has got several risk factors associated with increased chance of atherosclerosis. A small hospital-based study was done to look into the risk factors associated with ischaemic stroke. Forty patients with CT-confirmed cerebral infarction were taken for the study and detailed history and clinical findings were obtained. Investigations like complete haemogram, fasting blood glucose, urea, creatinine, lipid profile, serum Lp(a), homocysteine, fibrinogen, ECG, chest x-ray, echocardiography, MRI/MRA where indicated, were done to identify the risk factors as well. Results indicated that hypertension was the most prevalent (87.5%) risk factor followed by ischaemic heart disease (35%) and diabetes. Dyslipidaemia was also found in a significant number of cases, mostly elevated LDL, low HDL and elevated Lp(a). Fibrinogen and homocysteine were of less significance.
