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Coeliac disease and risk of renal disease-a general population cohort study

Jonas F Ludvigsson1, Scott M Montgomery, Ola Olén

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Orebro University Hospital, Sweden. jonasludvigsson@yahoo.com

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association
|April 1, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Coeliac disease (CD) is linked to a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease, including glomerulonephritis (GN) and the need for renal replacement therapy like dialysis or kidney transplantation (KT). This study highlights a significant association between CD and various renal conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder with potential systemic implications.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a possible link between CD and the development of renal diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk of glomerulonephritis (GN) and end-stage renal disease requiring renal replacement therapy (dialysis or kidney transplantation) in individuals with CD.
  • To quantify the association between CD and specific renal outcomes in a large population-based cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study design was employed, analyzing data from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Registry.
  • 14,336 patients diagnosed with CD between 1964 and 2003 were compared to 69,875 matched controls.
  • Cox regression analysis was used to assess the risk of renal disease, with follow-up starting one year post-diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Coeliac disease was associated with a significantly increased risk of any form of glomerulonephritis (GN) (HR=1.64).
  • A higher risk was observed for chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) (HR=2.65), dialysis (HR=3.48), and kidney transplantation (KT) (HR=3.15).
  • Statistical significance was reached for all investigated renal outcomes (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • The findings suggest that immune dysregulation associated with coeliac disease may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease.
  • Individuals diagnosed with CD face a moderately elevated risk for GN and a substantially increased risk for renal replacement therapy.
Abstract

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