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Changes in blood pressure during the normal menstrual cycle.

F P Dunne¹, D G Barry, J B Ferriss

¹Department of Medicine, Regional Hospital, Cork, Republic of Ireland.

Clinical Science (London, England : 1979)

|October 1, 1991

Summary

Blood pressure fluctuates during the menstrual cycle, with higher readings at menstruation onset. These blood pressure changes, linked to hormonal shifts, occur in both normotensive and hypertensive women.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gynecology

Background:

Blood pressure variations throughout the normal menstrual cycle are poorly understood, with existing research yielding inconsistent findings.
Understanding these cyclical blood pressure changes is crucial for accurate hypertension diagnosis and management in women.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate and document blood pressure fluctuations during the normal menstrual cycle in both normotensive and mildly hypertensive women.
To correlate observed blood pressure patterns with hormonal changes (17 beta-estradiol and progesterone) during the menstrual cycle.

Main Methods:

A cohort of 30 normotensive and 10 mildly hypertensive women with regular menstrual cycles self-monitored blood pressure daily for 6 weeks.
Standardized conditions and a UA-751 semi-automatic sphygmomanometer were used for consistent blood pressure measurements.
Blood samples were analyzed for plasma 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone concentrations.

Main Results:

Blood pressure was significantly higher at the onset of menstruation compared to other cycle phases (systolic P<0.05; diastolic P<0.001).
Adjusted diastolic blood pressure was elevated in the follicular phase versus the luteal phase (mean difference 1.23 mmHg, P<0.001).
Blood pressure was lower during cycle days 17-26 compared to other periods (adjusted diastolic mean difference -1.19 mmHg, P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Blood pressure exhibits distinct patterns throughout the menstrual cycle, notably higher at menstruation onset.
Hormonal fluctuations, specifically 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone, likely influence these cyclical blood pressure variations.
The observed blood pressure changes were consistent across both normotensive and hypertensive groups, suggesting a common physiological mechanism.