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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

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DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
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Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
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Updated: Mar 16, 2026

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DNA gyrase: structure and function.

R J Reece1, A Maxwell

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Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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This summary is machine-generated.

DNA gyrase, a key bacterial enzyme, controls DNA topology and is a target for antibiotics. This review covers essential knowledge on DNA gyrase structure, function, and its role in antibacterial drug development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • DNA gyrase is a crucial bacterial enzyme.
  • It belongs to the topoisomerase class, regulating DNA topology.
  • It is a significant target for antibacterial agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on DNA gyrase.
  • To explore its enzymological mechanisms.
  • To discuss its role as a target for antibacterial drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enzymological and biochemical studies.
  • Analysis of DNA topoisomerases.
  • Summary of antibacterial agent interactions.

Main Results:

  • DNA gyrase catalyzes ATP-dependent DNA super-coiling.
  • It plays a vital role in DNA topological transitions.
  • It serves as a model for other topoisomerases.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA gyrase is essential for enzymology.
  • Its role as an antibacterial target is significant.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of DNA gyrase.