Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
Published on: December 4, 2020
Microscopic hematuria as a predictive factor for detecting bladder cancer at cystoscopy in women with irritative
Jennifer M Wu1, Kathryn S Williams, Andrew F Hundley
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess microscopic hematuria as a predictive factor for detecting bladder cancer at cystoscopy in women with irritative voiding symptoms.
Study Design:
We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of women with irritative voiding symptoms who presented for urodynamic testing and cystoscopy. Irritative voiding symptoms were defined as urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, dysuria, and/or nocturia. Patient demographics, risk factors for bladder cancer, presence of microscopic hematuria, urodynamic findings, and cystoscopy and biopsy results were recorded.
Results:
Of 735 patients with irritative voiding symptoms, 264 (35.9%) had microscopic hematuria and 471 (64.1%) had no hematuria. Bladder cancer was detected in 3 women, for an overall detection rate of 0.4%. Microscopic hematuria, urgency, frequency, dysuria, nocturia, age, and tobacco use were not significantly associated with bladder cancer.
Conclusion:
In this cohort of women with irritative voiding symptoms, microscopic hematuria was not predictive for bladder cancer.
Related Concept Videos
Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
