Efficient inefficiency: biochemical "junk" may represent molecular bridesmaids awaiting emergent function as a buffer...

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Genomics
• Proteomics
• Systems Biology

Background:

• The biochemical functions of many genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and interactomic components are largely unknown.
• A significant portion of these fundamental biological elements may lack immediate biochemical function.
• These components could serve as a reservoir of biochemical parts and circuits for developing emergent functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose that non-functional genomic and proteomic elements contribute to a functional inventory.
• To explore the mechanisms generating this biochemical inventory.
• To discuss the evolutionary implications and potential roles of this inventory in adaptation and disease.

Main Methods:

• The study proposes a conceptual framework rather than empirical methods.
• It discusses mechanisms like low-fidelity replication, transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications.
• Stochastic processes influencing RNA and protein conformations are also considered.

Main Results:

• A significant portion of biological "omes" may exist as a biochemical inventory for potential future functions.
• This inventory can arise from imprecise molecular processes and stochastic events.
• Components may lead to adaptation, disease, or remain inert, with their utility determined by evolution.

Conclusions:

• The existence of a biochemical inventory, even with a thermodynamic cost, may enhance net fitness by enabling future innovations.
• Stochastic cycling of these components can persist until advantageous or disadvantageous traits emerge.
• Protein misfolding and stress response networks play roles in managing this inventory and its link to disease and innovation.