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Related Experiment Videos

In vivo oximetry using a nitroxide-liposome system.

J F Glockner1, H C Chan, H M Swartz

  • 1College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|July 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Liposomes with a deuterated nitroxide probe (d-Cat1) effectively measure in vivo oxygen levels using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This method accurately tracks changes in partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in mice.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Accurate in vivo oxygen measurements are crucial for understanding physiological processes.
  • Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) offers potential for non-invasive oxygen sensing.
  • Developing targeted and stable probes is key for in vivo EPR applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate liposome-encapsulated deuterated nitroxides as probes for in vivo oxygen tension (pO2) measurement.
  • To assess the efficacy of d-Cat1 liposomes for EPR-based oxygen sensing following various administration routes.
  • To demonstrate the sensitivity of the EPR signal to physiological oxygen level changes.

Main Methods:

  • Liposomes encapsulating the deuterated nitroxide 4-trimethyl-ammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d16-1-oxyl (d-Cat1) were prepared.

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  • Liposomes were administered to ICR mice via intramuscular, intraperitoneal, or intravenous injection.
  • Mice were analyzed using a low-frequency (1.1 GHz) EPR spectrometer.
  • The EPR linewidth of d-Cat1 was correlated with dissolved oxygen concentration and calibrated to measure pO2.

    • Main Results:

    • Liposome injection allowed for detectable, oxygen-sensitive EPR signals in vivo.
    • The EPR linewidth of d-Cat1 demonstrated sensitivity to changes in inspired oxygen levels (21% to 85% to 0%).
    • Intravenous injection led to liposome accumulation and signal detection in the liver and spleen.

    Conclusions:

    • Liposome-encapsulated d-Cat1 serves as a viable probe for in vivo oxygen tension measurement using EPR.
    • The technique is sensitive to dynamic changes in oxygen levels.
    • Liposomes offer versatile administration routes and tissue accumulation for targeted EPR sensing.