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Related Experiment Videos

Superconductivity: the transition temperature peak below four electrons per atom.

A S Cooper1, E Corenzwit, L D Longinotti

  • 1BELL TELEPHONE LABORATORIES, INCORPORATED, MURRAY HILL, NEW JERSEY 07974.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|September 1, 1970
PubMed
Summary

Superconducting transition temperatures in various compounds peak at 3.7 to 3.9 valence electrons per atom. This finding offers insights into optimizing materials for superconductivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Superconductivity is a phenomenon where materials exhibit zero electrical resistance below a critical temperature.
  • Understanding the factors influencing the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) is crucial for discovering new superconducting materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between valence electron concentration and the superconducting transition temperature.
  • To identify trends in superconducting properties across different material structures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of existing data on superconducting transition temperatures for compounds.
  • Correlation of Tc with the number of valence electrons per atom across seven distinct crystal structure types.

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Main Results:

  • A consistent peak in superconducting transition temperature was observed.
  • This peak occurs at approximately 3.7 to 3.9 valence electrons per atom.
  • The observed trend holds true for compounds across seven different structure types.

Conclusions:

  • Valence electron concentration is a significant factor in determining the superconducting transition temperature.
  • Materials with 3.7-3.9 valence electrons per atom are optimal for achieving higher superconducting transition temperatures.
  • This electron count-based guideline can aid in the rational design of novel superconductors.