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A new method for congressional apportionment
1Ph.D. Program in Mathematics, Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 33 West 42 Street, New York, N.Y. 10036.
Summary
Congressional apportionment methods are reviewed. The current equal proportions method is rejected for the unique quota method, which satisfies essential axioms for fair representation.
Area of Science:
- Political Science
- Mathematics
- Statistics
Background:
- Congressional apportionment, the process of allocating House seats among states, has historically employed various mathematical methods.
- The current method of equal proportions has faced scrutiny regarding its fairness and adherence to core principles.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically evaluate existing Congressional apportionment methodologies.
- To propose and justify a new apportionment method, the quota method, based on essential axiomatic criteria.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of Congressional apportionment techniques.
- Axiomatic analysis to identify essential criteria for apportionment.
- Comparative evaluation of the equal proportions method and the proposed quota method.
Main Results:
- The presently used method of equal proportions is found to be inadequate.
- The quota method is identified as the unique method satisfying three essential axiomatic criteria for fair apportionment.
Conclusions:
- The quota method offers a mathematically sound and axiomatically justified solution for Congressional apportionment.
- Adoption of the quota method is recommended to ensure a more equitable distribution of House seats.
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