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Density-dependent selection in a random environment: An evolutionary process that can maintain stable population

M Turelli1, D Petry

  • 1Department of Genetics, University of California, Davis, California 95616.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 1, 1980
PubMed
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Natural selection theory shows that fitness varies with population density and environmental changes. This dynamic influences growth rates and maintains genetic diversity, challenging simple definitions of "fitter" genotypes.

Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Theoretical ecology
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Natural selection models typically assume constant fitness.
  • Environmental stochasticity and density dependence are crucial ecological factors.
  • Understanding these dynamics is key to predicting evolutionary trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a theoretical framework for natural selection under density-dependent and stochastic conditions.
  • To analyze the interplay between allele frequencies and population size dynamics.
  • To investigate the characteristics of fitness and the maintenance of genetic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Heuristic analysis of coupled, nonlinear, stochastic difference equations.
  • Modeling joint dynamics of allele frequencies and population size.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examination of a specific class of ecological and evolutionary models.

    • Main Results:

    • Growth rates increase at low population densities.
    • Selection maintains stable population dynamics despite density-dependent growth.
    • Increased mean population size is not a necessary outcome of higher fitness.
    • Genetic polymorphisms are sustained in both haploid and diploid populations.

    Conclusions:

    • Fitness is context-dependent, influenced by population density and environmental randomness.
    • Evolutionary processes can lead to stable population dynamics even with fluctuating conditions.
    • Defining 'fitness' requires considering multiple ecological and genetic factors.
    • Mechanisms for maintaining genetic diversity are robust under these complex selective pressures.