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Related Experiment Videos

Large-scale flow generation in turbulent convection.

R Krishnamurti1, L N Howard

  • 1Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 1, 1981
PubMed
Summary

Fluid convection transitions from cellular patterns to transient plumes as heating increases. Eventually, a large-scale circulation emerges, transporting momentum upward and increasing the scale of motion.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Heat transfer
  • Convection phenomena

Background:

  • Studies fluid behavior in horizontal layers heated from below and cooled from above.
  • Investigates the transition from stable convection to turbulent flow regimes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the onset and characteristics of large-scale circulation in heated fluid layers.
  • To identify conditions governing the directionality of this large-scale flow.

Main Methods:

  • Observational analysis of fluid layer behavior under varying Rayleigh numbers.
  • Characterization of convective patterns, plume dynamics, and momentum transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Cellular convection observed at low Rayleigh numbers, transitioning to transient plumes at higher values.

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  • Large-scale circulation emerges with plumes tilted for upward momentum transport via Reynolds stress.
  • The dominant motion scale increases from layer depth to layer width.

    • Conclusions:

    • The study details the evolution of convection patterns with increasing thermal forcing.
    • Identifies the critical role of Reynolds stress in establishing large-scale circulation.
    • Provides insights into the conditions that determine the direction of this macroscopic flow.