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Related Experiment Videos

Sexual dimorphism in Ramapithecinae.

R F Kay1

  • 1Department of Anatomy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 1, 1982
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Ramapithecines, an extinct hominoid group, show reduced canine dimorphism, indicating their hominid status. This feature suggests they may have practiced monogamy, similar to modern anthropoids.

Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Primate Evolution
  • Hominoid Phylogeny

Background:

  • Ramapithecinae is an extinct hominoid subfamily from the Miocene epoch.
  • Key genera include Sivapithecus and Gigantopithecus; Ouranopithecus and Ramapithecus are considered invalid.
  • Ramapithecines exhibit primitive, ape-like anatomical features but are cladistically hominids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the hominid status of Ramapithecinae.
  • To infer the social structure of extinct hominoids based on dental morphology.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative anatomical analysis of fossil hominoids.
  • Examination of canine size dimorphism in Miocene and extant primates.

Main Results:

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  • Miocene ramapithecines display reduced sexual dimorphism in canine size.
  • This reduced dimorphism is a shared derived trait aligning ramapithecines with Pliocene/Recent hominids.
  • Low canine dimorphism in extant anthropoids correlates with monogamous social structures.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced canine dimorphism supports the classification of ramapithecines as hominids.
  • The findings suggest that ramapithecines may have had a monogamous social system.