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Related Concept Videos

Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...

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Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid β-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer's Disease
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RNA aptamers directed against oligosaccharides.

M Sprinzl1, M Milovnikova, C S Voertler

  • 1Laboratorium für Biochemie, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. mathias.sprinzl@uni-bayreuth.de

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|April 6, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acids rarely interact with carbohydrates, but researchers are developing aptamers (DNA/RNA molecules) to target these sugars. This opens new possibilities for biomedical applications, including inhibiting disease processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Nucleic acids typically bind proteins or other nucleic acids.
  • Interactions with carbohydrates, essential in glycoproteins and glycolipids, are uncommon in cellular environments.
  • Carbohydrates play crucial roles in cellular recognition, immune responses, pathogen interactions, and cancer metastasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the feasibility of using nucleic acids to target carbohydrates for biomedical applications.
  • To investigate in vitro selection as a strategy for identifying nucleic acid aptamers against oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.
  • To summarize existing research on carbohydrate-binding aptamers and assess future perspectives.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro selection (SELEX) to isolate nucleic acid aptamers with affinity for specific carbohydrates.
  • Characterization of isolated DNA and RNA aptamers.
  • Review and analysis of existing literature on carbohydrate-aptamer interactions.

Main Results:

  • Several DNA and RNA aptamers targeting various carbohydrates have been successfully isolated and characterized.
  • Demonstrated feasibility of using nucleic acid aptamers to interact with carbohydrates.
  • Established a foundation for developing carbohydrate-targeted inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid aptamers offer a promising avenue for targeting carbohydrate-mediated biological processes.
  • This approach holds potential for developing novel therapeutics against infections and cancer.
  • Further research into carbohydrate-aptamer interactions can yield significant biomedical advancements.