A molecular full-adder and full-subtractor, an additional step toward a moleculator.

Area of Science:

• Chemistry
• Molecular Computing
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Significant progress in molecular logic and arithmetic systems.
• The goal of creating a molecular-scale calculator (Moleculator) is approaching realization.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe a significant advancement in molecular logic and arithmetic systems.
• To demonstrate the integration of advanced arithmetic calculations onto a single molecular species.

Main Methods:

• Integrating past and new approaches for molecular logic reconfiguration.
• Utilizing simultaneous multi-wavelength monitoring and negative logic for transmittance mode.
• Employing initial state changes and input degeneracy for altered logical output.

Main Results:

• Successfully loaded advanced arithmetic calculations onto a single molecule.
• Increased input/output information channels through enhanced logic and monitoring.
• Achieved three-bit addition and subtraction at the molecular scale using fluorescein, acid/base inputs, and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Conclusions:

• Demonstrated the first molecular-scale full-subtractor.
• Enabled integration of a full-adder and full-subtractor within individual molecules.
• Showcased a practical approach to molecular computing using accessible materials and setups.